Direct Answer: AS9100 is the international Quality Management System (QMS) standard for the Aviation, Space and Defense (AS&D) industry, created by the International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG). AS9100D (Rev D, 2016) is the most recent version. Getting certified involves a 5-step process: Preparation (training, gap analysis, scope definition, management support), Documentation (quality manual, procedures, work instructions, forms), Implementation (rolling out the system, training staff, process improvement), Internal Audit (self-assessment to verify compliance), and Certification Audit (two-stage audit by an accredited registrar, followed by certificate issuance and entry into the IAQG OASIS database). The process typically takes 6–12 months for a small to medium-sized organisation, with costs ranging from $5,000–$15,000 for initial certification. This guide walks you through every step, with practical tips for a smooth certification journey.
AS9100 is the world’s most widely recognised aerospace quality management standard. Developed and published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and supported by the International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG), it specifies requirements for a Quality Management System (QMS) that organisations can use to demonstrate their ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and regulatory requirements. AS9100 is based on ISO 9001 and adds industry-specific requirements for safety, reliability, and regulatory compliance. With certification becoming increasingly important in the aerospace supply chain, AS9100 is the foundational certification for organisations that take quality seriously.
For manufacturers, distributors, and industrial companies in the aerospace, space, and defense sectors, AS9100 certification is often a prerequisite for doing business with large OEMs, government agencies, and international clients. It signals that your organisation has implemented robust processes for quality control, continuous improvement, and customer satisfaction. This guide covers the complete certification process, from initial preparation through to the final certification audit, and provides practical, actionable advice for a smooth journey. See our related guides on commercial due diligence, warranty clauses, and master services agreements to understand how AS9100 integrates with broader commercial frameworks.
This guide is written for quality managers, aerospace engineers, operations directors, and anyone responsible for implementing or maintaining a Quality Management System in their organisation. It covers both the DIY approach (using templates and internal resources) and the consultant-led route. It is equally relevant for manufacturers seeking certification to secure new aerospace clients, and for distributors who need to demonstrate quality management to their principals. For related partnership structures, see our guides on indemnification clauses, breach of contract, and termination for convenience.
AS9100 is the international standard that defines the requirements for a Quality Management System (QMS) specific to the Aviation, Space and Defense (AS&D) industry. It was developed by the International Aerospace Quality Group (IAQG) with the help of representatives from aviation, space and defense companies in the Americas, Asia/Pacific and Europe. The standard is based on ISO 9001 and adds industry-specific requirements for safety, reliability, counterfeit parts prevention, risk management, configuration management, and regulatory compliance. The current version is AS9100D (Rev D, 2016), with an amendment (ISO 9001:2015/AMD1:2024) addressing climate action changes. Certification demonstrates that your organisation has a documented QMS that meets these requirements, and that you are committed to consistent quality, customer satisfaction, and continuous improvement.
AS9100 is recognised internationally and accepted throughout the aerospace supply chain, providing a common framework for quality across global supply chains and industries.
Many large aerospace OEMs, government agencies, and international buyers require AS9100 certification as a condition for doing business. It differentiates you from non-certified competitors and opens doors to the aerospace supply chain.
AS9100 provides a systematic framework for identifying and implementing improvements across your organisation, leading to reduced errors, lower costs, and higher efficiency.
Certification signals to your customers that you have robust quality controls and a commitment to meeting their requirements, building trust and strengthening relationships.
AS9100 certification delivers tangible benefits across operational, commercial, and strategic dimensions. While the certification process requires investment, the return on that investment is well-documented across industries.
AS9100 certification signals to customers, partners, and regulators that you have a validated system for managing quality. This credibility opens doors to new business opportunities with aerospace OEMs and primes.
By systematically identifying and eliminating the root causes of errors and inefficiencies, certified organisations reduce rework, waste, and non-conformance costs. The process-focused approach drives operational efficiency.
AS9100 provides a common framework for quality management across aerospace supply chains, enabling smoother collaboration with partners, easier audits, and more consistent quality throughout the value chain.
The standard requires organisations to collect and analyse quality data, enabling evidence-based decisions. This reduces reliance on intuition and improves the quality of operational and strategic decisions.
Clear processes, defined responsibilities, and documented procedures improve employee understanding of their roles and how their work contributes to quality objectives, increasing engagement and reducing ambiguity.
The risk-based thinking embedded in AS9100D helps organisations proactively identify and mitigate quality-related risks, reducing exposure to regulatory non-compliance and product liability issues.
AS9100 has evolved over several revisions, each building on the previous version and aligning with updates to ISO 9001. Understanding the different versions and related standards is essential for selecting the right certification for your organisation.
| Version | Year | Key Changes |
|---|---|---|
| AS9100D (Rev D) | 2016 | Based on ISO 9001:2015. Includes Annex L High Level Structure, context of the organization, interested parties, accountability of top management, documented information, risk-based thinking, communication, and change management. Adds unique aerospace requirements: counterfeit parts prevention, human factors, product safety, ethics training, supplier monitoring, and purchasing flow-down. |
| AS9100C (Rev C) | 2009 | Based on ISO 9001:2008. Introduced special requirements, critical items, project management, risk management, configuration management, work transfers, key characteristics, and First Article Inspection (FAI). |
| AS9100B (Rev B) | 2004 | Based on ISO 9001:2000. Emphasized adherence to statutory and regulatory requirements and continual improvement. Removed all references to ISO 9001:1994. |
| AS9100A (Rev A) | 2000 | Included ASQ/ISO 9001:2000 and specified additional requirements for the aerospace industry. Two sections: one aligned with ISO 9001:2000 and one legacy model aligned with ISO 9001:1994. |
| AS9100 (Initial) | 1999 | Included ASQ 9001:2000 quality system requirements along with specific requirements for the aerospace industry. |
| AS9000 | 1997 | Based on ISO 9001:1994 with additional requirements for the aerospace industry. Created to address the specific requirements of aerospace customers. |
Aerospace Management Systems for Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) Stations. Adds additional requirements to AS9100 relating to the maintenance of commercial, private and military aircraft.
Aerospace Management Systems for Stockist Distributors. Adds requirements for the sourcing and production of aerospace components and materials.
Certification to AS9100 includes certification to the popular ISO 9001 standard as well. A copy of the ISO 9001 standard is not required because the text is already included in the AS9100 Standard. AS9100 mentions several other guidance standards that you should understand, but these additional standards don’t require certification, they provide guidance. See our related guides on commercial due diligence and due diligence to understand how AS9100 integrates with partner evaluation.
The preparation phase sets the foundation for your entire AS9100 certification project. The goal is to ensure you have the knowledge, resources, and support in place before beginning the detailed work of documentation and implementation. This phase typically takes 2–4 weeks for a small organisation, longer for larger or more complex operations.
If you are managing the certification process, you need to understand the standard’s requirements and how to apply them in your organisation. Consider an AS9100 implementer training course, online or in-person, to build foundational knowledge. If you are working with a consultant, ensure you understand the key concepts to be an informed client.
Top management commitment is critical. They must “walk the talk” by allocating resources, supporting the project, and communicating its importance. Provide executives with a concise overview of AS9100’s role in the business and the benefits certification will deliver, including access to aerospace OEMs.
Define the specific operational and commercial benefits you want from certification (e.g., reduced error rates, new customer acquisition). Clearly define the scope of your QMS: which products, departments, locations, or activities will be included? You can exclude certain areas, but consider the pros and cons of limiting the scope. See indemnification clauses for a framework that can also apply to scope definition.
Assess how compliant your organisation already is with AS9100 requirements and identify gaps. This helps you prioritise efforts and create a more accurate project plan. You can do this internally or with a consultant. For small organisations, multiple targeted mini-gap analyses during the documentation and implementation stages can be effective.
Plan your implementation steps, milestones, target dates, and responsibilities. For small and medium organisations, avoid complex Gantt charts; focus on a clear, simple plan that everyone understands. Define who will be the AS9100 point person (Management Representative) responsible for achieving and maintaining certification.
Inform your staff about the AS9100 project early to prevent rumors and build engagement. Explain how certification benefits the company and individual employees, addressing concerns about job security and work processes. This creates buy-in and transforms staff into stakeholders in the project’s success.
For organisations with multiple locations or product lines, consider a phased approach. Start with a pilot implementation in one department or location, learn from the experience, and then roll out to the rest of the organisation. This reduces risk and allows you to refine your approach based on real-world feedback. The same principle applies when building market entry partnerships, start with a focused approach and scale.
Documentation is often considered the most challenging phase of AS9100 certification. It requires aligning documents with the standard’s technical requirements while tailoring them to your company’s unique context and needs. The goal is to create a documentation set that is useful, practical, and compliant, not a bureaucratic burden.
| Document Type | Description | Key Consideration |
|---|---|---|
| Quality Policy | A statement of your organisation’s commitment to quality, approved by top management. It must be communicated to and understood by all employees. | Keep it concise and specific to your organisation. It should provide a framework for setting quality objectives. |
| Quality Objectives | Measurable goals aligned with the quality policy. They should be documented, monitored, and communicated. Examples: “reduce customer complaints by 20% in 12 months.” | Objectives should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound). |
| Scope Statement | Defines the boundaries of your QMS: which products, services, locations, and activities are included and excluded. | Be clear about what is in scope and what is out. This is a key document for the auditor. |
| Procedures | Documented processes that describe how activities are performed. They can be combined or split to fit your business needs; there is no requirement to follow the ISO standard’s structure. | Create as many procedures as needed to address every requirement of AS9100, but avoid unnecessary bureaucracy. Use your company’s vernacular. |
| Work Instructions | Detailed step-by-step guidance for specific tasks, especially where errors would be costly or where tasks are rarely performed. They should be written by the people who do the work. | Use any format that’s useful: text, flowcharts, checklists, or even visual media. Focus on the end user’s needs. |
| Forms & Checklists | Tools for recording data, capturing evidence, and guiding work. They can serve as both work instructions (before completion) and records (after completion). | Create forms where they save time and effort in meeting AS9100 requirements. Avoid creating forms for their own sake. |
| Process Maps (Flowcharts) | Visual representations of workflows, showing how processes interact, where bottlenecks exist, and how inputs become outputs. | Useful for understanding and improving processes during implementation. Can be created by staff mapping their own work on a whiteboard. |
| Records | Evidence that you meet the requirements stated in your procedures, policy, objectives, and work instructions. AS9100D specifically requires records in multiple clauses. | Records must be retained for a defined period and be legible, identifiable, and retrievable. They are a key focus of audits. |
DO: Look for the simplest way to meet a requirement and adapt it to your business. Use your company’s vernacular and avoid “ISO language.” Use diagrams and illustrations rather than long-winded text. Use a visually appealing and easy-to-understand layout.
DON’T: Include time-consuming references to other documents. Include bureaucratic requirements that are not suitable for your company’s circumstances or culture. Create documents that don’t add value to your operations.
Consider using documentation templates, pre-written documents designed to be tailored to your company’s needs. They save time, reduce errors, and provide a reliable starting point. Ensure they come with detailed customisation instructions. This approach is also effective when drafting warranty clauses, start with a proven template and customise.
Implementation is where your carefully designed QMS becomes a reality. This phase involves introducing your procedures to the workforce, training them, and guiding them through adjustments to improve their work processes. The goal is seamless integration into daily operations, supported by a compelling incentive for adopting the new processes.
Top management should communicate the quality policy, explaining its significance and how the company will put it into practice. Staff must understand the policy and connect it to their individual responsibilities, this is a mandatory requirement of AS9100.
Department managers and team leaders are critical to making the QMS an integral part of daily operations. Equip them with knowledge and skills to leverage AS9100 for tangible benefits and involve them actively in implementation. Targeted manager training is a high-leverage activity.
Start with document control, then introduce other procedures. The method of communication depends on your organisation’s size: staff meetings, a trickle-down approach via department managers, or a combination. The key is to ensure everyone understands their new roles and responsibilities.
Empower staff to redesign their work processes to align with AS9100 requirements. Teams can map existing processes on a whiteboard, identify bottlenecks and repetitions, and agree on improvements. The redesigned workflows should then be documented. This approach builds motivation and buy-in.
Detailed step-by-step guidance is essential for rarely performed or high-risk activities. Staff directly involved in the work should write these instructions, using any format (text, flowchart, visual) that is beneficial to the end user. This ensures practicality and accuracy.
As you integrate AS9100 requirements into operations, records are being created and kept on file. These records will be reviewed by auditors to assess compliance. Ensure records are complete, legible, and properly stored.
Even before certification, you can start marketing your commitment to quality. Inform customers proactively about your pending accreditation, describe your QMS, and announce your intended certification date. This can help you secure new business earlier in the process.
Internal audits are a mandatory requirement of AS9100 and play a critical role in ensuring the effectiveness of your QMS. These self-inspections involve observing work processes, interviewing management and staff, and examining records. The objective is to verify compliance not only with AS9100 requirements but also with your own procedures and work instructions. Internal audits must be conducted before seeking certification and periodically thereafter. They can be performed by trained internal staff or outsourced to expert auditors.
Develop an audit schedule and methods for planning and preparing your audits. Create documents, forms, and checklists that support the audit process. Consider using lead auditor training that includes a module on managing the audit program.
Small businesses often rely on their AS9100 point person, quality manager, or safety inspector. Larger companies may form an audit team. Auditors should be objective and impartial, they cannot audit their own work. Being an auditor is typically an additional responsibility, not a full-time role.
Auditors must be familiar with the AS9100D standard, possess strong auditing skills, be capable of reporting findings and following up on corrective actions, and ideally, promote best practices and add operational value. Consider lead auditor training for your auditors.
Use internal audits as training tools to support implementation. You can start auditing during Step 3, focusing on specific requirements or procedures initially, and expanding the scope as the system matures. This early start helps identify and fix issues before the formal certification audit.
To be eligible for AS9100 registration, you must complete a comprehensive internal audit covering your entire QMS. The audit can be divided into multiple partial audits, focusing on specific departments or processes at a time. Address all identified nonconformities before proceeding to the certification audit.
If you lack internal audit expertise, you can outsource the pre-certification internal audit to experienced auditors. This ensures that all issues with your QMS are identified and addressed, increasing confidence in passing the certification audit.
Many organisations view internal audits purely as a certification requirement, but they are a powerful management tool. Use them to identify process improvements, uncover hidden inefficiencies, and engage employees in quality thinking. A well-conducted internal audit provides valuable insights that go far beyond compliance. This same principle applies to material breach assessments, treat them as strategic tools, not just checkboxes.
The certification audit is the final step in obtaining AS9100 certification. It is conducted by an independent, third-party auditor from an accredited certification body (registrar). The audit is similar to your internal audits but with regulated scope and number of audit days. Successful completion results in the issuance of your AS9100 certificate, valid for three years.
| Audit Stage | What Happens | Key Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 Audit (Documentation Review) | The auditor reviews your quality manual, procedures, and other documentation to ensure they meet AS9100 requirements and that your QMS is ready for the on-site audit. | Completeness and adequacy of documentation. Identification of any gaps or nonconformities that must be addressed before Stage 2. |
| Stage 2 Audit (On-Site Verification) | The auditor visits your site to verify that your QMS is effectively implemented and working in practice. They will interview employees, observe processes, and review records. | Effective implementation of the QMS. Evidence that procedures are being followed and that the system is achieving its objectives. Verification that Stage 1 nonconformities have been addressed. |
| Audit Report & Decision | Following Stage 2, the auditor prepares a report detailing findings. If no major nonconformities are found, or if corrective actions are successfully implemented, the certification body issues your AS9100 certificate. | Overall conformity assessment. The certificate is valid for three years from the date of issue. |
| Surveillance Audits | During the three-year certificate validity period, the certification body conducts annual surveillance audits to ensure your QMS remains compliant and effective. | Ongoing compliance. The auditor checks that the QMS is being maintained and that continuous improvement is taking place. |
| Recertification Audit | After three years, you must undergo a recertification audit to renew your certificate. This is typically a more comprehensive audit than surveillance audits. | Full system re-assessment. You must demonstrate that your QMS remains effective and has evolved to meet changing business needs. |
Prepare your company and staff: Ensure work areas are organised, outdated documents are removed, and staff are ready for the auditor. Explain what to expect, reduce anxiety, and rehearse typical questions like “How do you know you perform your work correctly?” and “How do you contribute to the company’s quality policy objectives?” Staff should answer truthfully without volunteering additional information.
Select your registrar: Choose an accredited certification body that has experience in your industry. Compare quotes, check their reputation, and ensure they are recognised by your customers or industry bodies. See due diligence for a framework that also applies to registrar selection.
The cost and timeline for AS9100 certification vary significantly based on organisation size, complexity, existing processes, and the resources you allocate to the project. Understanding these variables upfront helps in planning and budget setting.
| Factor | Impact on Cost | Impact on Timeline |
|---|---|---|
| Organisation Size (Employees) | Small (1–50): $5,000–$10,000 Medium (50–250): $10,000–$20,000 Large (250+): $20,000+ |
Small: 6–8 months Medium: 8–12 months Large: 12–15 months |
| Number of Processes | More processes = more documentation, more audit days, higher cost | More processes = longer implementation and audit schedule |
| Industry / Level of Risk | Higher-risk industries (e.g., aerospace, defense) require more rigorous audits and often higher fees | Higher-risk = more audit days, potentially longer timeline |
| Complexity of Management System | Multiple sites, multiple product lines, or complex organisational structures increase cost | Complexity extends documentation, implementation, and audit phases |
| Number of Working Shifts | Multi-shift operations require more audit time to cover all shifts, increasing cost | May extend the audit schedule slightly |
| Use of Templates / Digital Tools | Reduces consultant fees and internal time, significantly lowering cost | Can cut timeline by 30–50% by streamlining documentation and implementation |
| Consultant Involvement | Full consultant support: adds $5,000–$20,000+ to cost; DIY with templates: lower cost | Consultant can accelerate timeline by providing expertise and templates |
Several providers offer digital AS9100 certification platforms that significantly reduce cost and timeline. These digital solutions can bring certification within reach for small organisations that might otherwise find the traditional consultant-led route prohibitive. When evaluating such options, use the same commercial due diligence criteria you would apply to any B2B engagement.
The certification body (also called a registrar) is the independent organisation that will conduct your audit and issue your AS9100 certificate. Choosing the right registrar is a critical decision that affects the cost, timeline, and market recognition of your certification.
Ensure the registrar is accredited by a recognised national accreditation body (e.g., ANAB in the US, UKAS in the UK, DAKKS in Germany, JAS-ANZ in Australia/New Zealand). Accreditation ensures the registrar follows international standards for certification and is competent to audit.
Choose a registrar with auditors who have experience in your specific industry. They will understand your processes, terminology, and risks, leading to a more relevant and valuable audit. Industry-specific auditors can also provide useful insights and best practice suggestions.
Consider whether your customers or industry bodies recognise the registrar’s certificate. In some industries, specific registrars are preferred or required. If you are exporting to a specific region, a registrar with local recognition in that market may be advantageous.
Compare quotes from multiple registrars. The cheapest option is not always the best, consider the value of the audit, the auditor’s expertise, and the registrar’s reputation. Ensure you understand what is included in the quoted fee (e.g., travel expenses, annual surveillance audits).
If you have or plan to have multiple sites in different countries, choose a registrar that can audit all sites consistently. This simplifies the management of your certification across locations and avoids the need to work with multiple registrars.
Choose a registrar you feel comfortable working with. The relationship should be collaborative, not adversarial. A good auditor will help you improve your QMS, not just find faults. Assess their responsiveness and communication during the quoting process as an indicator.
When evaluating registrars, ask: Are you accredited by a recognised national accreditation body? Do you have auditors with experience in my industry? What is your audit process and how many days do you typically allocate for my organisation type? What is included in your fee and are there additional costs? How do you handle nonconformities and what is the process for issuing the certificate? Can you provide references from clients in my industry? How do you conduct surveillance audits? Use this information alongside your due diligence criteria to make an informed decision.
Creating excessive documentation that adds no operational value and makes the system difficult to maintain. This creates employee resentment and audit fatigue.
Avoid: Focus on what is necessary to control your processes and demonstrate compliance. Use the simplest approach that meets the requirements. Ask: “Does this document add value?”
When leadership does not actively support the QMS, it becomes a compliance exercise for employees rather than a strategic initiative, leading to poor implementation and audit failures.
Avoid: Secure top management commitment from the start. Ensure they understand the business case for certification and communicate their support visibly to the organisation.
Using standard-specific jargon instead of your company’s natural language makes procedures confusing and difficult for employees to follow and maintain.
Avoid: Write procedures in your company’s everyday language. Use diagrams and illustrations. Make them user-friendly and practical for the people who will use them.
Focusing solely on passing the audit rather than building a QMS that improves operations. This leads to a system that is maintained only for the auditor, not for business performance.
Avoid: Design your QMS to solve real operational problems. Use the internal audits and management reviews for genuine improvement, not just audit readiness.
Employees who do not understand the QMS or how their role contributes to it will not follow procedures consistently, leading to nonconformities and audit findings.
Avoid: Invest in training at all levels. Explain the “why” behind the procedures. Make training engaging and relevant to employees’ daily work. Consider using master services agreement models for structured training programmes.
Failing to address internal audit findings before the certification audit, or treating internal audits as a tick-box exercise without taking corrective action.
Avoid: Use internal audits as a genuine check on your system. Address all findings promptly. Conduct root cause analysis and implement corrective actions that prevent recurrence. See consequential damages principles applied to quality risks.
AS9100 certification is a powerful tool for demonstrating quality to customers and partners. GTsetu complements your certification by connecting you with verified manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers who meet rigorous quality standards. Our platform provides:
Related Resources
Indemnification Clause
How indemnification clauses allocate risk in commercial contracts, essential for AS9100 supply chain agreements.
Warranty Clause
Understand warranty clauses and how they complement your AS9100 quality management framework.
Master Services Agreement (MSA)
Learn how MSAs establish long-term frameworks for aerospace supplier relationships.
Breach of Contract
How breaches are handled in commercial contracts, relevant to quality failures and AS9100 compliance.
Consequential Damages
Understanding consequential damages and how they relate to quality failures and AS9100 risk management.
Commercial Due Diligence
How to conduct due diligence on aerospace partners, complementing your AS9100 supplier assessments.
Due Diligence
A comprehensive guide to due diligence for business partnerships and certification readiness.
Market Entry Partnerships
How to structure market entry partnerships, supporting your aerospace market expansion strategy.
Exclusivity Clause
Understand exclusivity clauses in distribution and supplier agreements, relevant to AS9100 supply chain contracts.
Material Breach
What constitutes a material breach of contract and how it impacts aerospace supply agreements.
Termination for Convenience
How termination for convenience clauses work in aerospace and defense contracts.
Asset Purchase Agreement
Understanding asset purchase agreements in aerospace M&A transactions and certification transfers.
Connect with verified manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers on GTsetu, compliance-backed verification, anonymous discovery, built-in NDA workflows, and zero broker commissions. Find partners who share your commitment to quality and aerospace excellence.
Find Verified Partners Free → Browse Verified Companies
They represents the product, and research team behind GTsetu, a global B2B collaboration platform built to help companies explore cross-border partnerships with clarity and trust. The team focuses on simplifying early-stage international business discovery by combining structured company profiles, verification-led access, and controlled collaboration workflows.
With a strong emphasis on trust, and disciplined engagement, Team GTsetu shares insights on global trade, partnerships, and cross-border collaboration, helping businesses make informed decisions before entering deeper commercial discussions.